The term neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) refers to a broad category of illnesses that usually occur in childhood and are related to brain disruptions that result in developmental deficits, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disability (ID). NDDs are complex conditions where abnormalities in brain development lead to impairments in behaviour, motor skills, cognition and/or communication. These impairments manifest as multifaceted challenges within individuals affected by NDDs. NDDs include a range of complex disorders that arise from atypical brain development, leading to difficulties in cognitive abilities, motor skills, behaviour and/or communication. NDDs are multi-faceted diseases defined by impairments in behaviour, communication, cognition and/or motor skills that result from abnormal brain development.