The health-care system across the world has witnessed a phenomenal improvement so that the life expectancy in almost every country has increased significantly. Besides improvements in public hygiene, the newer non-invasive methods of diagnosis, newer drugs and unprecedented technological advances in treatment and patient-care have all contributed to the longer life span. This puts further demands on applied research for developing new drugs, tests, imaging techniques, surgical modalities etc, especially because the increasing population burden and longer lifespan has generated novel health issues that were not so critical even a few decades ago.